Akọkọ, surfactant
Awọn ẹka mẹta wọnyi ti surfactants ni a lo nigbagbogbo:
1. Anionic surfactant
1) Sodium alkyl Benzene sulfonate (LAS)
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: Ti o dara biodegradability ti laini laini;
Ohun elo: Ti a lo bi eroja akọkọ ti iyẹfun fifọ.
2) Oti ọra polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES)
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: tiotuka ninu omi, imukuro ti o dara ati foaming, ni idapo pẹlu imukuro LAS ati ṣiṣe.
Ohun elo: paati akọkọ ti shampulu, omi iwẹ, cutlery LS.
3) sulfonate alkane keji (SAS)
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: foaming ati fifọ ipa iru si LAS, ti o dara omi solubility.
Ohun elo: Ni awọn agbekalẹ omi nikan, gẹgẹbi iwẹwẹwẹ ile olomi.
4) Sulfate oti ọra (FAS)
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: Agbara omi lile ti o dara, ṣugbọn iṣeduro hydrolysis ti ko dara;
Ohun elo: ni akọkọ ti a lo fun igbaradi awọn ifọsẹ omi, awọn ohun elo tabili tabili, ọpọlọpọ awọn shampulu, awọn ehin ehin, wetting textile ati awọn aṣoju mimọ ati emulsifying polymerization ni ile-iṣẹ kemikali. Powdery FAS le ṣee lo lati mura oluranlowo mimọ powdery ati pesticide wetting powder.
5) α -olefin sulfonate (AOS)
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: Išẹ ti o jọra si LAS. O ti wa ni kere irritating si awọn awọ ara ati degrades ni a yiyara oṣuwọn.
Ohun elo: Ni akọkọ ti a lo fun igbaradi detergent omi ati awọn ohun ikunra.
6) Fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate (MES)
Awọn abuda: iṣẹ ṣiṣe dada ti o dara, pipinka ọṣẹ kalisiomu, fifọ ati idinaduro, biodegradability ti o dara, majele kekere, ṣugbọn resistance ipilẹ ti ko dara.
Ohun elo: o kun lo bi kalisiomu ọṣẹ dispersant fun Àkọsílẹ ọṣẹ ati ọṣẹ lulú.
7) Oti ti o sanra polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate (AEC)
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: omi tiotuka, omi lile lile, pipinka ọṣẹ kalisiomu, wettability, foaming, decontamination, kekere irritation, ìwọnba si ara ati oju;
Ohun elo: Ni akọkọ lo ni ọpọlọpọ awọn shampulu, awọn iwẹ foomu ati awọn ọja aabo ti ara ẹni.
8) iyo Acylsarcosine (Oogun)
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: tiotuka ninu omi, ti o dara foaming ati detergency, sooro si omi lile, ìwọnba si ara;
Ohun elo: lo fun igbaradi ti toothpaste, shampulu, omi iwẹ ati awọn ọja itọju ti ara ẹni miiran, iwọn inaDetergent LS,gilasi Detergent, capeti Detergent ati itanran fabric Detergent.
9) Oleyl polypeptide (Remibang A)
Awọn abuda: ọṣẹ kalisiomu ni agbara pipinka ti o dara, iduroṣinṣin ninu omi lile ati ojutu ipilẹ, ojutu ekikan jẹ rọrun lati decompose, rọrun lati fa ọrinrin, agbara ailagbara ti o lagbara, irritation kekere si awọ ara;
Ohun elo: lo fun igbaradi ti awọn orisirisi iseDetergent LS.
Aṣoju ifọṣọ _ oluranlowo ifọṣọ
2. Non-ionic surfactants
1) Polyoxyethylene ether ọti-ọra (AEO)
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: Iduroṣinṣin to gaju, isokuso omi ti o dara, resistance electrolyte, rọrun biodegradation, kekere foomu, ko ni itara si omi lile, iṣẹ fifọ otutu kekere, ibamu daradara pẹlu awọn surfactants miiran;
Ohun elo: Dara fun sisọpọ ohun elo omi foomu kekere.
2) Alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (APE)
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: solubilizing, lile omi resistance, descaling, ti o dara fifọ ipa.
Ohun elo: ti a lo fun igbaradi ti omi pupọ ati idọti lulú.
3) Fatty acid alkanolamide
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: lagbara hydrolytic resistance, pẹlu lagbara foaming ati stabilizing ipa, ti o dara fifọ agbara, solubilizing agbara, wetting, antistatic, softness ati thickening ipa.
Ohun elo: ti a lo fun igbaradi shampulu, omi iwẹ, iwẹ olomi ile, detergent ile-iṣẹ, inhibitor ipata, awọn arannilọwọ aṣọ, bbl
4) Alkyl glycosides (APG)
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: kekere dada ẹdọfu, ti o dara decontamination, ti o dara ibamu, synergistic, ti o dara foomu, ti o dara solubility, alkali ati electrolyte resistance, ti o dara nipon agbara, ti o dara ibamu pẹlu awọ ara, significantly mu awọn ìwọnba agbekalẹ, ti kii-majele ti, ti kii-irritant, rorun biodegradation .
Ohun elo: O le ṣee lo bi ohun elo aise akọkọ ti ile-iṣẹ kemikali ojoojumọ gẹgẹbi shampulu, jeli iwẹ, ifọṣọ oju, ifọṣọ ifọṣọ, omi fifọ ọwọ, omi fifọ, Ewebe ati oluranlowo mimọ eso. Tun lo ninu ọṣẹ lulú, irawọ owurọ - free detergent, irawọ owurọ - free detergent ati awọn miiran sintetiki detergents.
5) Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylation awọn ọja (MEE)
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: iye owo kekere, solubility omi yara, kekere foomu, irritation kekere si awọ ara, majele kekere, biodegradation ti o dara, ko si idoti.
Ohun elo: ti a lo fun igbaradi ti awọn ifọṣọ omi, awọn ohun elo oju lile, awọn ohun elo ti ara ẹni, bbl
6) Tii saponin
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: agbara imukuro ti o lagbara, analgesia anti-inflammatory, biodegradation ti o dara, ko si idoti.
Ohun elo: lo ninu igbaradi ti detergent ati shampulu
7) Pipadanu sorbitol fatty acid ester (Span) tabi sisọnu sorbitol polyoxyethylene ether ester (Tween):
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: ti kii-majele ti, kekere irritant.
Ohun elo: Lo fun igbaradi ti detergent
8) Amines ile-ẹkọ giga Oxide (OA, OB)
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: agbara fifẹ ti o dara, imuduro foomu ti o dara, bactericidal ati imuwodu imuwodu, irritation kekere si awọ-ara, iṣeduro gbogbogbo, idapọ ti o dara ati iṣeduro.
Ohun elo: ti a lo fun igbaradi idọti omi gẹgẹbi shampulu, omi iwẹ ati ohun elo tabili.
3. Amphoteric surfactant
1) Imidazoline amphoteric surfactant:
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: ti o dara fifọ agbara, electrolyte resistance, acid-base iduroṣinṣin, antistatic ati softness, ìwọnba išẹ, ti kii-majele ti, kekere irritation to ara.
Ohun elo: ti a lo fun igbaradi ti ifọṣọ ifọṣọ, shampulu, omi iwẹ, bbl
2) Imidazoline amphoteric surfactant ṣiṣi silẹ oruka:
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ: ìwọnba, blister giga.
Ohun elo: ti a lo ni igbaradi ti awọn ọja itọju ti ara ẹni, awọn olutọju ile, ati bẹbẹ lọ.
Meji, awọn afikun fifọ
1. Awọn ipa ti detergent additives
Imudara iṣẹ dada; Rirọ omi lile; Ṣe ilọsiwaju iṣẹ foomu; Din híhún ara; Mu irisi ọja dara.
Awọn oluranlọwọ fifọ ti pin si inorganic ati awọn arannilọwọ Organic.
2. Inorganic additives
1) Phosphate
Awọn fosifeti ti o wọpọ ni trisodium fosifeti (Na3PO4), sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10), ati tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K4P2O7).
Ipa akọkọ ti sodium tripolyphosphate: ao, ki omi lile sinu omi rirọ; O le tuka, emulsify ati tu awọn patikulu inorganic tabi awọn droplets epo. Ṣe itọju ojutu olomi lati jẹ ipilẹ alailagbara (pH 9.7); Awọn fifọ lulú ko rọrun lati fa ọrinrin ati agglomerate.
2) Silicate iṣuu soda
Ti a mọ ni gbogbogbo bi: sodium silicate tabi paohua alkali;
Ilana molikula: Na2O·nSiO2 · xH2O;
Iwọn lilo: nigbagbogbo 5% ~ 10%.
Iṣẹ akọkọ ti silicate iṣuu soda: idena ipata ti dada irin; Le se idoti lati beebe lori fabric;Detergent LS
Mu agbara ti awọn patikulu lulú fifọ lati ṣe idiwọ caking.
3) Sodium imi-ọjọ
Tun mọ bi Mirabilite (Na2SO4)
Irisi: funfun gara tabi lulú;
Ipa akọkọ ti imi-ọjọ iṣuu soda: kikun, akoonu ti iyẹfun fifọ jẹ 20% ~ 45%, le dinku iye owo ti fifọ lulú; O ti wa ni iranlọwọ lati adhesion ti surfactant lori fabric dada; Din awọn lominu ni micelle fojusi ti surfactant.
4) Sodium kaboneti
Ti a mọ nigbagbogbo bi: soda tabi omi onisuga, Na2CO3;
Ifarahan: funfun lulú tabi awọn patikulu itanran gara
Awọn anfani: le ṣe idọti saponification, ati ṣetọju iye pH kan ti ojutu detergent, iranlọwọ lati decontaminate, ni ipa ti omi rirọ;
Awọn alailanfani: ipilẹ to lagbara, ṣugbọn lagbara fun yiyọ epo;
Idi: Low ite fifọ lulú.
5) zeolite
Paapaa ti a mọ bi sieve molikula, jẹ iyọ silikoni ohun alumọni crystalline, ati agbara paṣipaarọ Ca2 + lagbara, ati sodium tripolyphosphate pín, le mu ipa fifọ pọ si.
6) Bìlísì
Ni akọkọ hypochlorite ati peroxate awọn ẹka meji, pẹlu: sodium hypochlorite, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate ati bẹbẹ lọ.
Išẹ: bleaching ati kemikali decontamination.
Nigbagbogbo ni iṣelọpọ idọti powdery lẹhin ilana batching, iye ti lulú ni gbogbogbo ṣe iṣiro fun 10% ~ 30% ti didara naa.
7) alkali
2. Organic additives
1) Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (aṣoju egboogi-ipamọ)
Irisi: funfun tabi wara funfun fibrous lulú tabi awọn patikulu, rọrun lati tuka ninu omi sinu ojutu gelatin ti o han.
Iṣẹ CMC: o ni iṣẹ ti o nipọn, pipinka, emulsifying, suspending, stabilizing foomu ati gbigbe erupẹ.
2) Aṣoju fififunfun Fuluorisenti (FB)
Ohun elo dyed ni ipa didan ti o jọra si fluorite, nitorinaa ohun elo ti oju ihoho jẹ funfun pupọ, awọ ti o ni awọ diẹ sii, mu irisi darapupo pọ si. Iwọn lilo jẹ 0.1% ~ 0.3%.
3) enzymu
Awọn enzymu ifọṣọ ti iṣowo jẹ: protease, amylase, lipase, cellulase.
4) Foam stabilizer ati foomu eleto
Ga foomu detergent: foomu amuduro
Lauryl diethanolamine ati epo agbon diethanolamine.
Detergent foomu kekere: olutọsọna foomu
Dodecanoic acid ọṣẹ tabi siloxane
5) koko
Awọn turari jẹ ti awọn oriṣiriṣi awọn turari ati pe o ni ibamu to dara pẹlu awọn paati ifọto. Wọn jẹ iduroṣinṣin ni pH9 ~ 11. Didara pataki ti a ṣafikun si detergent ni gbogbogbo kere ju 1%.
6) àjọ-itumọ
Ethanol, urea, polyethylene glycol, toluene sulfonate, ati bẹbẹ lọ.
Ohun elo eyikeyi ti o le ṣe irẹwẹsi isọdọkan ti solute ati epo, mu ifamọra ti solute ati epo pọ si ati pe ko ni laiseniyan si iṣẹ fifọ ati olowo poku le ṣee lo bi idapọ-ipo.
7) epo
(1) Pine epo: sterilization
Awọn ọti, ethers ati lipids: darapọ omi pẹlu epo
Ohun elo chlorinated: majele, ti a lo ninu awọn olutọpa pataki, oluranlowo mimọ gbigbẹ.
8) Aṣoju Bacteriostatic
Aṣoju bacteriostatic ni gbogbogbo ni afikun si didara awọn ẹgbẹrun diẹ, gẹgẹbi: tribromosalicylate aniline, trichloroacyl aniline tabi hexachlorobenzene, ko ni ipa antibacterial, ṣugbọn ni ẹgbẹrun diẹ ti ida ibi-iye le ṣe idiwọ ẹda ti kokoro arun.
9) Aṣoju Antistatic ati asọ asọ
Pẹlu asọ ati antistatic cationic surfactants: dimethyl ammonium kiloraidi dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide distearate, ga carbon alkyl pyridine iyọ, ga carbon alkyl imidazoline iyọ;
Pẹlu rirọ ti kii-ionic surfactants: ga erogba oti polyoxyethylene ethers ati amine oxide pẹlu gun erogba ẹwọn.
Akoko ifiweranṣẹ: Oṣu Karun-20-2022